Plotting animations in Jupyter does not seem to be compatible with current Numpy (version 2 or greater)

[fomightez]

This is a follow-up to Plotting animations do not seem to be compatible with Jupyter Notebook 7; however, I think because the new issue with animations is isolatable to the version of Numpy, it probably deserves its own issue post.

Essentially, if you do as it says in Plotting animations do not seem to be compatible with Jupyter Notebook 7 and specify Numpy to not be above version 1.26.4, the animation will work.

If you leave things unspecified so it gets current Numpy, which is v2.1.1, then you get the following when you run the code:

AttributeError: np.string_was removed in the NumPy 2.0 release. Use np.bytes_ instead.

You can easily test this going here and following the steps outlined there. If you skip the step specifying the numpy version, you'll see the error.

Full traceback seen when initiating animation when using Numpy 2.1.1

Even when ipympl is installed, working, and specified and you use the version of Hypertools obtained with `pip install git+https://github.com/ContextLab/hypertools.git`, you'll see the following whether using Python 3.11 or 3.10:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[1], line 6
      4 import numpy as np
      5 arr = np.array( [[math.sin(3*i[/100](https://hub.ovh2.mybinder.org/100)), math.cos (3*i[/100](https://hub.ovh2.mybinder.org/100)), (1[/100](https://hub.ovh2.mybinder.org/100))**2, (i[/100](https://hub.ovh2.mybinder.org/100))**3, 1[/](https://hub.ovh2.mybinder.org/)(1+i[/100](https://hub.ovh2.mybinder.org/100))] for i in range(0,300)])
----> 6 hyp.plot(arr, animate=True)

File [/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.11/site-packages/hypertools/plot/backend.py:1070](https://hub.ovh2.mybinder.org/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.11/site-packages/hypertools/plot/backend.py#line=1069), in manage_backend.<locals>.plot_wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
   1067         if BACKEND_WARNING is not None:
   1068             warnings.warn(BACKEND_WARNING)
-> 1070         return plot_func(*args, **kwargs)
   1072 finally:
   1073     # restore rcParams prior to plot
   1074     with warnings.catch_warnings():
   1075         # if the matplotlibrc was cached from <=v3.3.0, a TON of
   1076         # (harmless as of v3.2.0) MatplotlibDeprecationWarnings
   1077         # about `axes.Axes3D`-related rcParams fields are issued

File [/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.11/site-packages/hypertools/plot/plot.py:313](https://hub.ovh2.mybinder.org/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.11/site-packages/hypertools/plot/plot.py#line=312), in plot(x, fmt, marker, markers, linestyle, linestyles, color, colors, palette, group, hue, labels, legend, title, size, elev, azim, ndims, model, model_params, reduce, cluster, align, normalize, n_clusters, save_path, animate, duration, tail_duration, rotations, zoom, chemtrails, precog, bullettime, frame_rate, interactive, explore, mpl_backend, show, transform, vectorizer, semantic, corpus, ax, frame_kwargs)
    311 if transform is None:
    312     raw = format_data(x, **text_args)
--> 313     xform = analyze(
    314         raw,
    315         ndims=ndims,
    316         normalize=normalize,
    317         reduce=reduce,
    318         align=align,
    319         internal=True,
    320     )
    321 else:
    322     xform = transform

File [/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.11/site-packages/hypertools/tools/analyze.py:53](https://hub.ovh2.mybinder.org/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.11/site-packages/hypertools/tools/analyze.py#line=52), in analyze(data, normalize, reduce, ndims, align, internal)
      9 """
     10 Wrapper function for normalize -> reduce -> align transformations.
     11 
   (...)
     49 
     50 """
     52 # return processed data
---> 53 return aligner(reducer(normalizer(data, normalize=normalize, internal=internal),
     54                reduce=reduce, ndims=ndims, internal=internal), align=align)

File [/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.11/site-packages/hypertools/_shared/helpers.py:159](https://hub.ovh2.mybinder.org/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.11/site-packages/hypertools/_shared/helpers.py#line=158), in memoize.<locals>.memoizer(*args, **kwargs)
    157 key = str(args) + str(kwargs)
    158 if key not in cache:
--> 159     cache[key] = obj(*args, **kwargs)
    160 return cache[key]

File [/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.11/site-packages/hypertools/tools/reduce.py:95](https://hub.ovh2.mybinder.org/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.11/site-packages/hypertools/tools/reduce.py#line=94), in reduce(x, reduce, ndims, normalize, align, model, model_params, internal, format_data)
     92 if reduce is None:
     93     return x
---> 95 elif isinstance(reduce, (str, np.string_)):
     96     model_name = reduce
     97     model_params = {
     98         'n_components': ndims
     99     }

File [/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.11/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py:397](https://hub.ovh2.mybinder.org/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.11/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py#line=396), in __getattr__(attr)
    394     raise AttributeError(__former_attrs__[attr])
    396 if attr in __expired_attributes__:
--> 397     raise AttributeError(
    398         f"`np.{attr}` was removed in the NumPy 2.0 release. "
    399         f"{__expired_attributes__[attr]}"
    400     )
    402 if attr == "chararray":
    403     warnings.warn(
    404         "`np.chararray` is deprecated and will be removed from "
    405         "the main namespace in the future. Use an array with a string "
    406         "or bytes dtype instead.", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

AttributeError: `np.string_` was removed in the NumPy 2.0 release. Use `np.bytes_` instead.