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itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2024-03-23T11:38:46.000Z" title="更新于 2024-03-23 19:38:46">2024-03-23</time></header><ul>
<li>原码：正数是其二进制本身；负数是符号位为1,数值部分取X绝对值的二进制。</li>
<li>反码：正数的反码和原码相同；负数是符号位为1,其它位是原码取反。</li>
<li>补码：正数的补码和原码，反码相同；负数是符号位为1，其它位是原码取反，未位加1。（或者说负数的补码是其绝对值反码未位加1）</li>
<li>移码：将符号位取反的补码（不区分正负）</li>
</ul>
<div class="note warning flat"><p>正数的原码、反码、补码相同</p>
</div>
<h4 id="举个栗子以一个字节8位说明：">举个栗子以一个字节8位说明：</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">编码(十进制)</th>
<th style="text-align:center">22</th>
<th style="text-align:center">-22</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">原码</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>0</span>10110</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>1</span>10110</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">反码</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>0</span>10110</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>1</span>01001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">补码</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>0</span>10110</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>1</span>01010</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">移码</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>1</span>10110</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>0</span>01010</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><em>注：<span class='p red'>红色为符号位</span></em></p>
<h4 id="1-根据补码求原码">1. 根据补码求原码</h4>
<p>已知一个数的补码，求原码的操作分两种情况：</p>
<ol>
<li>如果补码的符号位为“0”，表示是一个正数，所以补码就是该数的原码。</li>
<li>如果补码的符号位为“1”，表示是一个负数，求原码的操作可以是：符号位为1；其余各位<wavy>取反，然后再加1</wavy>。</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="2-补码加、减运算公式">2. 补码加、减运算公式</h4>
<p>在做补码加减法时，只需将符号位和数值部分一起参与运算，并且将符号位产生的进位丢掉即可</p>
<ol>
<li>补码加法公式</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[X+Y]补 ＝ [X]补 + [Y]补</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li>补码减法公式</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[X-Y]补 = [X]补-[Y]补 = [X]补 + [-Y]补</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中：[-Y]补称为负补,求负补的办法是：<wavy>对补码的每一位(包括符合位)求反，且未位加1</wavy>。</p>
<h4 id="3-为何要使用原码-反码和补码">3. 为何要使用原码, 反码和补码</h4>
<p>首先我们知道计算机可以用三种编码表示一个数，对于正数：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[+1] = [00000001]原 = [00000001]反 = [00000001]补</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>不需要过多解释，但是对于负数：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[-1] = [10000001]原= [11111110]反= [11111111]补</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可见原码, 反码和补码是完全不同的. 既然原码才是被人脑直接识别并用于计算表示方式, 为何还会有反码和补码呢?</p>
<p>因为对于人而言可以知道第一位表示符号位，但是对于计算机而言，是无法区别的，想要计算机区别就必须增加一些额外的标记，这样会对设计造成一定的复杂性，<br>
于是，<span class='p cyan'>聪明的人们</span>开始探索，能不能将符号位也参与运算呢，首先来看<span class='p green'>原码</span>：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1 - 1 = 1 + (-1) = [00000001]原 + [10000001]原= [10000010]原 = -2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<div class="note danger flat"><p>很显然对于负数的加法，原码计算是错误的，为了解决这个问题，出现了<span class='p green'>反码</span></p>
</div>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1 - 1 = 1 + (-1) = [0000 0001]原 + [1000 0001]原= [0000 0001]反+ [1111 1110]反= [1111 1111]反= [1000 0000]原= -0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<div class="note warning flat"><p>计算之后发现结果貌似没有问题，但是符号位有一点点问题，出现了-0，这就有可能出现+0和-0两个编码，都表示0，这样还是有问题，于是出现了<span class='p green'>补码</span></p>
</div>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">(-1) + (-127) = [1000 0001]原 + [1111 1111]原 = [1111 1111]补+ [1000 0001]补= [1000 0000]补</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<div class="note success flat"><p>发现用了补码之后，解决了所有问题，并且还比其他两个编码方式多表示了一位负数-128，所以在同样长度的计算机中，补码会比其他两个编码多表示一位数字</p>
</div>
<h4 id="4-移码的作用">4.移码的作用</h4>
<p>移码（又叫增码或偏置码）通常用于表示浮点数的阶码，其表示形式与补码相似，只是其符号位用“1”表示正数，用“0”表示负数，数值部分与补码相同。</p>
<ol>
<li>移码的第一个作用就是方便比较大小
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">十进制</th>
<th style="text-align:center">补码</th>
<th style="text-align:center">移码</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">-128</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>1</span>0000000</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>0</span>0000000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">-127</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>1</span>0000001</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>0</span>0000001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">-126</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>1</span>0000010</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>0</span>0000010</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">-1</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>1</span>1111111</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>0</span>1111110</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">0</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>0</span>0000000</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>1</span>0000000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">1</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>0</span>0000001</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>1</span>0000001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">127</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>0</span>1111111</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class='p red'>1</span>1111111</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="note primary modern"><p>通过这个表格你会发现当十进制逐渐增大时，只有对应的移码是逐渐增大的（把符号位也当作数值位看，因为计算机不会区分符号位）</p>
</div>
<ol start="2">
<li>第二个作用就是浮点数的表示</li>
<li>…………</li>
</ol>
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<div class="hide-block"><button type="button" class="hide-button" style="">此处省略一万字…………
</button><div class="hide-content"><p>其实是我也不会！！！</p>
</div></div>
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href="#%E4%B8%BE%E4%B8%AA%E6%A0%97%E5%AD%90%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%828%E4%BD%8D%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">举个栗子以一个字节8位说明：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E6%A0%B9%E6%8D%AE%E8%A1%A5%E7%A0%81%E6%B1%82%E5%8E%9F%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">1. 根据补码求原码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E8%A1%A5%E7%A0%81%E5%8A%A0%E3%80%81%E5%87%8F%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">2. 补码加、减运算公式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E4%B8%BA%E4%BD%95%E8%A6%81%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8E%9F%E7%A0%81-%E5%8F%8D%E7%A0%81%E5%92%8C%E8%A1%A5%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">3. 为何要使用原码, 反码和补码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" 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function updateHtml() {
const footer = document.getElementById("footer");
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let currentTimeHtml = "";
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// 如果是下班时间，插入"安知鱼-下班啦.svg"图片
let img = document.querySelector("#workboard .workSituationImg");
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img.src = "https://up.ctext.top/happy.svg";
img.title = "下班了就该开开心心的玩耍，嘿嘿~";
img.alt = "下班了就该开开心心的玩耍，嘿嘿~";
}
currentTimeHtml = `本站居然运行了 ${dnum} 天<span id='runtime'> ${hnum} 小时 ${mnum} 分 ${snum} 秒 </span><i class='anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-heartbeat' style='color:red'></i>`;
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const locale = {
nick: '你的专属昵称',
nickError: '昵称太短啦！至少得有3个字符才能算数哦！',
mail: '你的电子小信箱',
mailError: '哎呀，这不是一个合格的邮箱地址哦，请再检查一遍！',
link: '你有个酷酷的网址吗？',
optional: '这个嘛，想填就填，不填也行！',
placeholder: '吐槽一下？',
sofa: '来，坐沙发上，发表你的评论吧！',
submit: '一键发送，让世界听到你的声音！',
like: '点个赞，让TA知道你的心意！',
cancelLike: '哎呀，不小心点错了，取消赞！',
reply: '回复TA，开启一场对话吧！',
cancelReply: '等等，我话还没说完，取消回复！',
comment: '来，说说你的看法，让评论区热闹起来！',
refresh: '刷新一下，看看有啥新动态！',
more: '哇塞，还有更多精彩内容等你来加载！',
preview: '先睹为快，预览一下你的大作吧！',
emoji: '来，加点表情，让你的评论更生动！',
uploadImage: '上传你的美照，让大家一起欣赏！',
seconds: '刚刚才发的，新鲜出炉！',
minutes: '几分钟前，还热乎着呢！',
hours: '几小时前，热度还在哦！',
days: '几天前，但依旧值得一看！',
now: '哇塞，刚刚发的，快抢沙发！',
uploading: '稍等片刻，你的图片正在飞奔而来！',
login: '登录一下，解锁更多功能！',
logout: '拜拜了您嘞，下次再见！',
admin: '博主大人在此，谁敢造次！',
sticky: '置顶一下，让更多人看到你的精彩内容！',
word: '字',
wordHint: '评论字数要在0到1字之间哦！\n现在你已经写了$2个字了，加油！',
anonymous: '神秘人出没，猜猜是谁？',
level0: '潜水员，深藏不露！',
level1: '冒泡小能手，偶尔露个头！',
level2: '吐槽大师，一针见血！',
level3: '活跃分子，无处不在！',
level4: '话痨达人，说个不停！',
level5: '传说级大神，膜拜一下！',
gif: '动态表情包，让你的评论更有趣！',
gifSearchPlaceholder: '快来搜索你喜欢的表情包，让评论更生动！',
profile: '看看我的个人资料，了解一下我吧！',
approved: '审核通过，可以展示啦！',
waiting: '正在等待审核，别急哦！',
spam: '垃圾内容，走开走开！',
unsticky: '换个位置看看！',
oldest: '看看最早的评论！',
latest: '看看最新的动态！',
hottest: '看看哪条评论最火！',
reactionTitle: '快来对这篇文章发表你的看法吧，让博主知道你的想法！😜'
};
const initWaline = () => {
const waline = Waline.init(Object.assign({
el: '#waline-wrap',
serverURL: 'https://bc.ctext.top/',
pageview: false,
dark: 'html[data-theme="dark"]',
path: window.location.pathname,
turnstileKey: '0x4AAAAAAAexA2vW2PBFT3wv',
comment: false,
copyright: false,
reaction: true,
locale
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initWaline()
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if (true) anzhiyu.loadComment(document.getElementById('waline-wrap'),loadWaline)
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const changeContent = content => {
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content = content.replace(/<a[^>]+?href=["']?([^"']+)["']?[^>]*>([^<]+)<\/a>/gi, '[链接]') // replace url
content = content.replace(/<pre><code>.*?<\/pre>/gi, '[代码]') // replace code
content = content.replace(/<[^>]+>/g,"") // remove html tag
if (content.length > 150) {
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return content
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result += '没有评论'
}
let $dom = document.querySelector('#card-newest-comments .aside-list')
$dom && ($dom.innerHTML= result)
window.lazyLoadInstance && window.lazyLoadInstance.update()
window.pjax && window.pjax.refresh($dom)
}
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try {
const res = await fetch('https://bc.ctext.top/api/comment?type=recent&count=6', { method: 'GET' })
const result = await res.json()
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'nick': e.nick,
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'date': e.time || e.insertedAt
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saveToLocal.set('waline-newest-comments', JSON.stringify(walineArray), 10/(60*24))
generateHtml(walineArray)
} catch (err) {
console.error(err)
const $dom = document.querySelector('#card-newest-comments .aside-list')
$dom.textContent= "无法获取评论，请确认相关配置是否正确"
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if (document.querySelector('#card-newest-comments .aside-list')) {
const data = saveToLocal.get('waline-newest-comments')
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generateHtml(JSON.parse(data))
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getComment()
}
}
}
newestCommentInit()
document.addEventListener('pjax:complete', newestCommentInit)
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selectors: pjaxSelectors,
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anzhiyu.removeGlobalFnEvent('pjax')
anzhiyu.removeGlobalFnEvent('themeChange')
document.getElementById('rightside').classList.remove('rightside-show')
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$bodyClassList.contains('read-mode') && $bodyClassList.remove('read-mode')
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