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Curso de Python
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<div id="jb-print-docs-body" class="onlyprint">
<h1>Operaciones matemáticas</h1>
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<h2> Contents </h2>
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<li class="toc-h2 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#biblioteca-math">Biblioteca <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">math</span></code></a><ul class="nav section-nav flex-column">
<li class="toc-h3 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#funciones-comunes">Funciones Comunes</a></li>
<li class="toc-h3 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#importacion-del-modulo">Importación del Módulo</a></li>
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<section class="tex2jax_ignore mathjax_ignore" id="operaciones-matematicas">
<h1>Operaciones matemáticas<a class="headerlink" href="#operaciones-matematicas" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h1>
<p>Hay varios operadores que permiten realizar operaciones matemáticas básicas:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p><strong>Suma (+)</strong>: Este operador suma dos números. Por ejemplo, 5 + 3 es igual a 8.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Resta (-)</strong>: Este operador resta el segundo número del primero. Por ejemplo, 10 - 7 es igual a 3.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Multiplicación (*)</strong>: Este operador multiplica dos números. Por ejemplo, 2 * 3 es igual a 6.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>División (/)</strong>: Este operador divide el primer número entre el segundo. Por ejemplo, 10 / 2 es igual a 5.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Módulo (%)</strong>: Este operador da el residuo de una división. Por ejemplo, 10 % 3 es igual a 1 porque 10 dividido por 3 deja un residuo de 1.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Exponenciación (**)</strong>: Este operador eleva al primer número el seguundo. Por ejemplo, 2**3 es igual a 8 porque 2 elevado a la potencia de 3 es 8.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>De modo alternativo, se puede usar la función pow, un ejemplo en el código más abajo.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Definimos dos variables:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
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<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">numA</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">numB</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
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<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Suma</span>
<span class="n">numB</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">numA</span> <span class="c1"># output: 5</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>5
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Resta</span>
<span class="n">numB</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">numA</span> <span class="c1"># output: 1</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>1
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Multiplicación</span>
<span class="n">numB</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">numA</span> <span class="c1"># output: 6</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>6
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Division</span>
<span class="n">numB</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">numA</span> <span class="c1"># output : 1.5</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>1.5
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Modulo</span>
<span class="n">numB</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">numA</span> <span class="c1"># output: 1</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>1
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Exponenciación</span>
<span class="n">numB</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">numA</span> <span class="c1"># output 9</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>9
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Exponenciación con pow()</span>
<span class="nb">pow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numB</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">numA</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># output 9</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>9
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<section id="biblioteca-math">
<h2>Biblioteca <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">math</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#biblioteca-math" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>La biblioteca <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">math</span></code> en Python es un módulo que proporciona acceso a <strong>funciones matemáticas</strong> más completas. Es parte de la biblioteca estándar de Python, lo que significa que no necesitas instalar nada adicional para usarla. A continuación, te presento algunas de las funciones más comunes y útiles que puedes encontrar en el módulo math.</p>
<section id="funciones-comunes">
<h3>Funciones Comunes<a class="headerlink" href="#funciones-comunes" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>Aquí hay una lista de algunas de las funciones más utilizadas en el módulo <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">math</span></code>:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Funciones Aritméticas Básicas</p></li>
</ol>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>math.sqrt(x): Devuelve la raíz cuadrada de x.</p></li>
<li><p>math.pow(x, y): Devuelve x elevado a la potencia y.</p></li>
<li><p>math.fabs(x): Devuelve el valor absoluto de x.</p></li>
</ul>
<ol class="arabic simple" start="2">
<li><p>Funciones Trigonométricas</p></li>
</ol>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>math.sin(x): Devuelve el seno de x (en radianes).</p></li>
<li><p>math.cos(x): Devuelve el coseno de x (en radianes).</p></li>
<li><p>math.tan(x): Devuelve la tangente de x (en radianes).</p></li>
<li><p>math.asin(x), math.acos(x), math.atan(x): Funciones inversas de seno, coseno y tangente.</p></li>
</ul>
<ol class="arabic simple" start="3">
<li><p>Funciones Exponenciales y Logarítmicas</p></li>
</ol>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>math.exp(x): Devuelve e elevado a la potencia x.</p></li>
<li><p>math.log(x[, base]): Devuelve el logaritmo de x en la base especificada (base natural si no se especifica).</p></li>
<li><p>math.log10(x): Devuelve el logaritmo en base 10 de x.</p></li>
</ul>
<ol class="arabic simple" start="4">
<li><p>Funciones de Redondeo</p></li>
</ol>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>math.ceil(x): Devuelve el entero más pequeño mayor o igual a x.</p></li>
<li><p>math.floor(x): Devuelve el entero más grande menor o igual a x.</p></li>
<li><p>math.trunc(x): Trunca x a su parte entera.</p></li>
</ul>
<ol class="arabic simple" start="5">
<li><p>Funciones de Factorial y Combinatoria</p></li>
</ol>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>math.factorial(n): Devuelve el factorial de n.</p></li>
<li><p>math.comb(n, k): Devuelve el número de combinaciones de n elementos tomados de k en k.</p></li>
<li><p>math.perm(n, k): Devuelve el número de permutaciones de n elementos tomados de k en k.</p></li>
</ul>
<ol class="arabic simple" start="6">
<li><p>Constantes Matemáticas</p></li>
</ol>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>math.pi: Valor de π (pi).</p></li>
<li><p>math.e: Valor de e (número de Euler).</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="importacion-del-modulo">
<h3>Importación del Módulo<a class="headerlink" href="#importacion-del-modulo" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>Para utilizar las funciones de la biblioteca <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">math</span></code>, primero debes importarla:</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">math</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><strong>Ejemplo de uso</strong>
Aquí tienes un ejemplo que muestra cómo usar algunas de estas funciones:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">math</span>
<span class="c1"># Calcular la raíz cuadrada</span>
<span class="n">raiz</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Raíz cuadrada de 16:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">raiz</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Calcular el seno de 30 grados (convertido a radianes)</span>
<span class="n">seno</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">radians</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Seno de 30 grados:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seno</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Calcular el logaritmo en base 10</span>
<span class="n">logaritmo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log10</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Logaritmo en base 10 de 1000:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">logaritmo</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Calcular el factorial de 5</span>
<span class="n">factorial</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">factorial</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Factorial de 5:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">factorial</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Raíz cuadrada de 16: 4.0
Seno de 30 grados: 0.49999999999999994
Logaritmo en base 10 de 1000: 3.0
Factorial de 5: 120
</pre></div>
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