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<h1>Función print()</h1>
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<section class="tex2jax_ignore mathjax_ignore" id="funcion-print">
<h1>Función print()<a class="headerlink" href="#funcion-print" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h1>
<p>La función <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">print()</span></code> en Python es una función incorporada que “envía salida a la consola”. En lenguaje no técnico, significa que se utiliza para <strong>mostrar información</strong> al usuario. Es una de las funciones más empleadas.</p>
<p>Así es cómo puedes usar la función <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">print()</span></code>:</p>
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<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"¡Hola, Mundo!"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>¡Hola, Mundo!
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Esto mostrará en consola: “¡Hola, Mundo!”.</p>
<div class="info admonition">
<p class="admonition-title">INFO</p>
<p>La función <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">print()</span></code> muestra en la consola el texto o datos que se le proporcionen como argumento.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argumento</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>También puedes usar la función print para imprimir el valor de las <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">variables</span></code>. En este caso, la variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x</span></code>:</p>
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<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>10
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Todavía mejor</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"El valor de x es"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
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<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>El valor de x es 10
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<section id="f-strings">
<h2>F-strings<a class="headerlink" href="#f-strings" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>En Python, los <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f-strings</span></code> son una forma muy conveniente de <strong>formatear cadenas de texto</strong>. Su nombre proviene de la letra <strong>f</strong> que se coloca antes de la cadena. Esta técnica permite incluir expresiones o variables directamente dentro de las llaves <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{</span> <span class="pre">}</span></code>, lo que facilita la interpolación de variables y evaluaciones.</p>
<p>Aquí tienes un ejemplo sencillo en español:</p>
<p>También puedes usar los llamados <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f-strings</span></code>, que te permitirá introducir la variable en cualquier lugar que desees dentro de la cadena / string</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">nombre</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Alberto"</span>
<span class="n">edad</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">35</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"Hola, me llamo </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">nombre</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> y tengo </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">edad</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> años."</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Hola, me llamo Alberto y tengo 35 años.
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Esto es lo que está pasando:</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f"Hola,</span> <span class="pre">me</span> <span class="pre">llamo</span> <span class="pre">{nombre}</span> <span class="pre">y</span> <span class="pre">tengo</span> <span class="pre">{edad}</span> <span class="pre">años."</span></code> : Esto es un f-string, un tipo de cadena literal que comienza con la letra f o F antes de la comilla de apertura. Dentro de un f-string, puedes incluir variables dentro de <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{</span> <span class="pre">}</span></code> (llaves) que serán reemplazadas por sus valores cuando se crea la cadena. En este caso, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{nombre}</span></code> y <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{edad}</span></code> serán reemplazadas por los valores <strong>Alberto</strong> y <strong>35</strong>.</p>
<p>La ventaja de los f-strings es que a menudo son más legibles y concisos que otras formas de formatear cadenas en Python, especialmente cuando estás trabajando con múltiples variables o expresiones más complejas.</p>
<p>Otra ventaja es permitir incluir expresiones u operaciones matemáticas directamente:</p>
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<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"La suma de </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> y </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> es </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>La suma de 5 y 3 es 8
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Permite usar <strong>especificadores</strong> de formato como en el ejemplo siguiente:</p>
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<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">124</span>
<span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">45</span>
<span class="n">div</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">b</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"El valor es </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">div</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Sin formato</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"El valor es </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">div</span><span class="si">:</span><span class="s2">.4f</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Con formato</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>El valor es 2.7555555555555555
El valor es 2.7556
</pre></div>
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<section id="imprimir-en-varias-lineas">
<h2>Imprimir en varias líneas<a class="headerlink" href="#imprimir-en-varias-lineas" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Otra opción de la función <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">print()</span></code> es la que permite mostrar un texto en varia líneas:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Línea 1 </span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">Línea 2 </span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">Línea 3"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Línea 1
Línea 2
Línea 3
</pre></div>
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<section id="otros-procedimientos-con-la-funcion-print">
<h2>Otros procedimientos con la función print()<a class="headerlink" href="#otros-procedimientos-con-la-funcion-print" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>A continuación se muestran más opciones de la función <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">print()</span></code>:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Usar el parámetro sep para personalizar el separador entre los valores impresos. Por ejemplo, imprime "a", "b", "c" separados por un guion.</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Alberto"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Sara"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Ana"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sep</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"-"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Usar el parámetro end para cambiar el final de la línea</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Hola"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">" "</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Mundo"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Imprimir una lista </span>
<span class="n">frutas</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"manzana"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"banana"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"naranja"</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Stock de frutas:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">frutas</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Alberto-Sara-Ana
Hola Mundo
Stock de frutas: ['manzana', 'banana', 'naranja']
</pre></div>
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