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chillcharlie357 committed Dec 26, 2023
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Expand Up @@ -23,7 +23,11 @@ modified: Sunday,December 17th 2023

只要遵循[GNU 通用公共许可证](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81)（GPL），任何个人和机构都可以自由地使用Linux的所有底层[源代码](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81)，也可以自由地修改和再发布。

![](https://yizviqvxjz.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=ZTNkMzIyODMyYzlhZDk3MGU0OWU0MzQwYzU3ZGQ0ZDhfMlNPT1JIRElacXFjT2FrV0ljS24zSWowR3lXQjFZMjBfVG9rZW46SDkwS2JRZnB5b0RrUG54cGlKdGNlQVFRblBnXzE3MDI4MjU0ODc6MTcwMjgyOTA4N19WNA)![](https://yizviqvxjz.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=ZmZiMjdiMjYyYmNjNzA0OWI3NWNhNjc0ZThkNWE2ODZfM014QkZ6NHRKeG5oa01LNDZMbkVJU2wwYTdyODkyd2FfVG9rZW46QWV6YmJuRW9ObzYzSld4TWtSamNxNUtZbnRlXzE3MDI4MjU0ODc6MTcwMjgyOTA4N19WNA)
![image.png](https://chillcharlie-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/image%2F2023%2F12%2F26%2F19-40-14-cef124053748f929f2d2691e8ccd14df-20231226194013-5e1031.png)


![image.png](https://chillcharlie-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/image%2F2023%2F12%2F26%2F19-40-24-ea5e35739bc8fdfa7a881aa69568119d-20231226194024-6a9f39.png)


## 1.2. 不同发行版

Expand All @@ -37,13 +41,18 @@ modified: Sunday,December 17th 2023

你可以在这个网站查看各个发行版的排名：https://distrowatch.com/ （ 标准为**HPD：Hits Per Day）**

![](https://yizviqvxjz.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=ZTE4Y2U1ZTRmOTk0MjQwMGQ0OTc1MDM2ZTZlNTU4ZGZfaFF4R2pxUlpmcU9EYUxQN2N6ZTRjaklVeTFPa3BVVFFfVG9rZW46RVNyTmJNaVljb0VpTkN4aXdPMWN0d2dVbk1mXzE3MDI4MjU0ODc6MTcwMjgyOTA4N19WNA)![](https://yizviqvxjz.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=ZTBhNGE4YmJmN2NkZGNhODQwOGJkZGI1YzVkMGZkZTZfQWtOZU5qdlBQVmN0ek1sM0NSWUVrR0JHc25aYUJCMEFfVG9rZW46RWs4aWJVUnh3b3ZzY0d4SmJxQWNuekp3bmJqXzE3MDI4MjU0ODc6MTcwMjgyOTA4N19WNA)
![image.png](https://chillcharlie-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/image%2F2023%2F12%2F26%2F19-40-43-0ca336f796cd8fb68f83f4c3a2f9d6c4-20231226194042-9ef623.png)

![image.png](https://chillcharlie-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/image%2F2023%2F12%2F26%2F19-40-51-022f96c116ade14fb6fa00e98890905b-20231226194050-56112a.png)



## 1.3. 为什么要用linux

自己平时Ubuntu用的多，下面就按Ubuntu为准（

![](https://yizviqvxjz.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=ZGU4M2JlOGUzNjAyMTg2NDIwZDlmMzc0Y2Q3NTI1YzJfSDV4Qk9mN083NmZsbmFMSGV3cGc2dnRhUnNzMHAyeTBfVG9rZW46STZNMWJ2U0hpb0VWM0N4RHFRZWNMeDA2blVlXzE3MDI4MjU0ODc6MTcwMjgyOTA4N19WNA)
![image.png](https://chillcharlie-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/image%2F2023%2F12%2F26%2F19-40-58-6d8d2dee3c837430a7aecbcafca1cc45-20231226194058-e3b7c4.png)


### 1.3.1. 增加就业竞争力

Expand All @@ -58,10 +67,14 @@ modified: Sunday,December 17th 2023

在windows下配置gcc：下载MinGW，在藏得很深的系统菜单里找到环境变量，写一堆复杂的环境变量。

![](https://yizviqvxjz.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=NWM1NzhlZGIyMTljNDE1OTBjMDNlY2RhZDk2OGQ1N2Jfd1Y5WlVFbFM2NHpyTjV2UFh4YlMzSzY0aUp2TGtQRUhfVG9rZW46QjF3T2JGSDhobzQ2c0F4d3dqUmNGejhubmpoXzE3MDI4MjU0ODc6MTcwMjgyOTA4N19WNA)

![image.png](https://chillcharlie-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/image%2F2023%2F12%2F26%2F19-41-06-2d3fff66704b78af141ed43a50891355-20231226194105-723ce2.png)

在ubuntu下配置gcc：`sudo apt install build-essential`。
![](https://yizviqvxjz.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=Yjc5N2RmNzZiY2IzZTNjNmU5NjkwYWM0ZDI0NWI4NGVfQTRERzV3VXFUdWVjblJ3TDFxaEdocHVMVlNnc2FKMEJfVG9rZW46WTRwb2IwRzN3bzFCQU54TUR5emNtckRXbk9nXzE3MDI4MjU0ODc6MTcwMjgyOTA4N19WNA)

![image.png](https://chillcharlie-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/image%2F2023%2F12%2F26%2F19-41-16-594590d8b2301421664fa89c06d53140-20231226194116-209d31.png)



### 1.3.3. 生态丰富

Expand All @@ -80,7 +93,11 @@ modified: Sunday,December 17th 2023
- 如何在Steam上运行艾尔登法环?
- 左上角帧数显示工具：[GitHub - benjamimgois/goverlay: GOverlay is an opensource project that aims to create a Graphical UI to help manage Linux overlays.](https://github.com/benjamimgois/goverlay)

![](https://yizviqvxjz.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=MmRjMDU1ODk4YjMyMTk1MzUwYjFhNTAzNjQyOWVlZjFfbXhUTDlyaFlsVlZMV2JWeXZlRUZyVXBLM2p0SExNT09fVG9rZW46R3kyOGJOU3Bwb09oRG94Q21QaGM5WTNIbnNiXzE3MDI4MjU0ODc6MTcwMjgyOTA4N19WNA)![](https://yizviqvxjz.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=Mjk3MTM5Y2FhYWI5ODMyNzkyMTJhZDhmMDFhYzJjODhfV3NFN3R5MWNxUExaZGJqeUw4NnJzeENCRmx4a3NsUXZfVG9rZW46SlRaZmJLTERDb0VKTG54SXhZRGNQUlYwbjNlXzE3MDI4MjU0ODc6MTcwMjgyOTA4N19WNA)

![image.png](https://chillcharlie-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/image%2F2023%2F12%2F26%2F19-41-28-bdafd3a6b5069af3baf10a882b0cbb07-20231226194127-7a24d5.png)

![image.png](https://chillcharlie-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/image%2F2023%2F12%2F26%2F19-41-32-2c6df3cc1026545b680da70ef88cab80-20231226194131-930dc1.png)


# 2. 安装Linux

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -125,7 +142,8 @@ TL;DR的设计初衷是**解决传统的命令行手册文档过于冗长和复

[tldr pages](https://tldr.sh/)

![](https://yizviqvxjz.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=ZjQ0OTk2NjQzOTk3ODhhZjJhYjA3NDk4MmJhMjNlZjhfY0xKNXgwZnRjT2dlSmk3cWtPTzlPN25hbDZPMUU5MExfVG9rZW46UWltMGJVTEFyb3VkNDZ4cFVja2NXR3JubnZmXzE3MDI4MjU0ODc6MTcwMjgyOTA4N19WNA)
![image.png](https://chillcharlie-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/image%2F2023%2F12%2F26%2F19-41-42-379aae210d1a2da49ada41334dd1890d-20231226194142-3b09e9.png)


## 5.2. 文件重定向和管道

Expand All @@ -138,7 +156,8 @@ https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-shell-redirection-pipelining

你可以利用重定向和管道来操作和更改这三种基本文件描述符的默认行为。例如，你可以将键盘输入改为文件输入。你可以将信息重定向到文件，而不是在终端上获取信息，甚至丢弃错误信息，而不是在显示器上看到它们。你还可以同时将输出重定向到终端和文件。你甚至可以将一条命令的输出作为另一条命令的输入来处理。

![](https://yizviqvxjz.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=ODhjOTJmYjlkMTRlNGVmN2NiNzNjNzdhNDA2ZjMzOTVfdVliM01ZTDB0Q2x4R2NYTTh6QmpPU1RGRkxlU0JGclFfVG9rZW46RmVkT2JQQ1JOb0daQ2x4elpvZWNibUk1bjViXzE3MDI4MjU0ODc6MTcwMjgyOTA4N19WNA)
![image.png](https://chillcharlie-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/image%2F2023%2F12%2F26%2F19-41-49-45ed5b87133a5325d2e424083bf7fbba-20231226194148-6dc07d.png)


特殊用法 cat << EOF

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -207,7 +226,9 @@ cat << EOF
在 Linux 中，管道是一种允许两个或多个进程合并或并发执行的机制。这意味着进程的输出将作为下一个进程的输入来处理，以此类推。管道并不是白叫的：它指的是进程流通过管道从源头流向目的地的概念。
![](https://yizviqvxjz.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=MmYxZDE5ZDVlZTkxNDFjZmY0YmU5MGM5MzcyNTNlYzdfaDNPTERZUkxDV2tPc3ppWHI1OEl6UnpiTHhycnpkZDdfVG9rZW46TmhmTGJ3UXUyb2IxbVN4QlRxYmNyOEh5bnZlXzE3MDI4MjU0ODc6MTcwMjgyOTA4N19WNA)
![image.png](https://chillcharlie-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/image%2F2023%2F12%2F26%2F19-41-59-262c2971c72449900e3e82e6cdfb8a53-20231226194159-4679d2.png)
例子：
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -243,7 +264,7 @@ free -h | grep Swap | awk '{print $2}'
为什么windows的shell不好用？因为它不完全遵守POSIX协议。
**POSIX（Portable Operating System Interface）**是一个定义了操作系统接口标准的协议。它是由IEEE（Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers）组织制定的，旨在提供可移植性和互操作性，使得在不同的UNIX-like操作系统上编写的应用程序能够在其他兼容POSIX的系统上运行。Linux、macOS和FreeBSD等UNIX-like都遵守该协议。
**POSIX（Portable Operating System Interface）** 是一个定义了操作系统接口标准的协议。它是由IEEE（Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers）组织制定的，旨在提供可移植性和互操作性，使得在不同的UNIX-like操作系统上编写的应用程序能够在其他兼容POSIX的系统上运行。Linux、macOS和FreeBSD等UNIX-like都遵守该协议。
1. **Shell**：POSIX标准中定义了一种命令行解释器的接口，称为Shell。Shell是一个用于解释和执行命令的程序，用户可以在Shell中输入命令来与操作系统进行交互。POSIX要求操作系统提供符合Shell接口规范的默认Shell，例如Bourne Shell（/bin/sh）或C Shell（/bin/csh）。
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